Thermochemistry Hess' law Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thermochemistry Hess' law - Lab Report Example Thermochemistry, which is a branch of thermodynamics deals with the assessment of heat energy transfer linked with chemical reactions in the lab. Learning about these heat energy transfer linked with three different chemical reactions is important for testing Hess’s law which states that: â€Å"The enthalpy change for any reaction depends on the products and reactants and is independent of the pathway or the number of steps between the reactant and product† (Regger et al 189). The knowledge obtained from this experiment is intrinsic for the chemists who usually keep track of the changes witnessed in the chemical bonds when carrying out ta chemical reaction. 200 ml of distilled water was put in the Styrofoam calorimeter followed by stirring with a thermometer. The reading in the thermometer was monitored up to the point when constant temperature was reached. 2 grams of sodium hydroxide was placed into the water and stirred with the thermometer until the highest temperature was reached. 200 ml of 0.25 ml of hydrochloric acid was placed in Styrofoam and stirred with a thermometer to ensure a constant temperature was reached. 2 grams of sodium hydroxide was placed into the hydrochloric acid and stirred with the thermometer until the highest temperature was reached. 100 ml of 0.50 M of hydrochloric acid solution was put into calorimeter while 100 ml of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide was placed in a 250 ml beaker, at room temperature. The temperature and volumes for each was measured. The sodium hydroxide solution was then added into the Styrofoam cup containing the solution of hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred with the thermometer until the highest temperature was reached. According to the result obtained from the experiment, Hess’ law â€Å"The enthalpy change for any reaction depends on the products and reactants and is independent of the pathway or the number of steps between the reactant and

Survey of Satisfaction with College Facilities

Survey of Satisfaction with College Facilities Assignment 1 1. Plan for collection of Primary data and secondary data Primary data is the data which is collected directly from the field, i.e., it is first hand data and the secondary data is collected from some other source, i.e. second hand data. In this given problem primary data can be collected through interview to the Students and Staffs of the college. A Questionnaire will be prepared which will be filled up on the response of these individuals. Based on the information provided by them the database will be prepared and thus the primary data will be collected. In case of secondary data, the data could be collected from any organization / department which collects the school/college data or from any journal or from any Researcher. 2. Present the survey methodology and sampling frame used There are different areas in the college which are simultaneously used both by the Students of the college as well as the Staffs of the college. Considering those area alongwith few other he questionnaire is prepared. The survey will be then conducted on the basis of that and a selected sample will be chosen randomly from the students and from the staffs. Here since one has to plan a survey methodology, first thing which has to be done is to identify the sample members. For this purpose a total number of 50 individuals may be selected form70 students and 30 staffs taking 50% from each group (that is 35+15=50). Now, the Interview method will be used here for collection of data. Data on satisfaction level of each individual will be collected on different variables. Once the sampling units is finalized, sampling frame needed to be done. Sampling frame is basically the area/ space from where the sampling is to be done. Here one has to see whether all the units in the population are avail able in the sample. List of students and staffs must be representative of all classes and segments of the college. The level of satisfaction will be coded as 5= very good, 4= good, 3= average, 2= bad, 1= very bad, in five categories, following Likert scaling. 3. Design a questionnaire to know the opinion of students and staff on the matter Gender†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Origin †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Age†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Very good Good Average Bad Very Bad How much satisfied are you on the overall infrastructure of the college? How much satisfied will you be if Laundry facilities are available? How much satisfied are you with the Hostel facilities of the college? How much satisfied are you with the gym? How much satisfied are you with the parking facility of the college? How much satisfied are you on the toilet facilities? How much satisfied are you on the structure of labs in the college? 4. Information for decision making by summarizing data using representative values The data collected from the after the survey is recoded as per Likert scaling and is as below: How much satisfied are you on the overall infrastructure of the college? How much satisfied will you be if Laundry facilities are available? How much satisfied are you with the Hostel facilities of the college? How much satisfied are you with the gym? How much satisfied are you with the parking facility of the college? How much satisfied are you on the toilet facilities? How much satisfied are you on the structure of labs in the college? 1 4 2 2 5 2 2 4 2 5 4 4 2 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 5 1 1 2 4 3 4 5 4 2 2 1 2 5 4 6 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 7 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 8 5 3 2 2 4 5 5 9 3 5 1 3 2 2 4 10 4 2 2 5 3 2 2 11 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 12 5 5 2 5 2 4 2 13 2 2 3 4 4 1 4 14 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 15 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 16 3 4 2 4 2 2 4 17 2 1 1 4 1 1 2 18 4 2 2 5 2 2 5 19 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 20 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 4 1 3 4 3 1 2 22 5 2 5 4 5 2 2 23 2 3 2 4 2 3 4 24 5 2 4 4 4 4 2 25 4 1 2 2 5 4 3 26 5 2 4 5 2 4 5 27 4 3 2 4 4 2 2 28 3 4 1 2 2 3 4 29 5 4 2 1 1 5 5 30 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 31 3 4 2 4 5 4 2 32 4 2 3 2 2 2 4 33 5 3 5 3 4 4 4 34 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 35 5 4 4 4 1 1 2 36 4 3 5 2 2 2 3 37 3 2 2 1 4 4 2 38 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 39 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 40 3 2 4 2 5 5 3 41 5 5 1 3 4 2 2 42 4 4 2 5 5 2 1 43 5 2 3 4 4 1 2 44 3 4 2 2 2 2 3 45 5 4 1 4 4 2 4 46 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 47 5 4 3 4 4 2 4 48 3 2 2 4 4 4 2 49 5 5 4 2 3 2 3 50 4 4 3 5 3 3 5 5. For Analytical; purpose the variables are denoting as below: How much satisfied are you on the overall infrastructure of the college? How much satisfied will you be if Laundry facilities are available? How much satisfied are you with the Hostel facilities of the college? How much satisfied are you with the gym? How much satisfied are you with the parking facility of the college? How much satisfied are you on the toilet facilities? How much satisfied are you on the structure of labs in the college? overall infrastructure Laundry facilities Hostel facilities gym parking facility toilet facilities structure of labs Mean overall infrastructure 3.88 Laundry facilities 3 Hostel facilities 2.66 gym 3.26 parking facility 3 toilet facilities 2.7 structure of labs 3.06 The average of the Overall infrastructure is 3.88 which indicated that on average people are recognizing the overall infrastructure as almost â€Å"GOOD†. When it was asked â€Å"How much satisfied will you be if Laundry facilities are available?†, the mean response is 3 which is Average. This is quite sensible because this facility is yet to be there in the college. Regarding â€Å"Hostel facilities†, the average response is below averages which indicate that there is some urgent need to repair this sector. Gym facility is slightly more than the â€Å"Average†. The condition is better than â€Å"Average† but less than â€Å"Good† In case of â€Å"parking facility† the satisfaction level is exactly â€Å"Average† which indicates that there is scope to improve the sector. Satisfaction level on â€Å"Toilet facilities† is below average which also requires urgent attention of the college authority. Structure of Labs also requires some kind of attention. 6. Drawing valid conclusions based on information derived from the survey Laundry The above diagram shows that 36% are saying good to Laundry facility and also 36% is recognizing it as Bad. Only 8% is saying it â€Å"very Good† and 8% is saying very Bad. Some kind of symmetrical situation is observed here. It seems that the service provider is paying good attention to selected individuals. Hostel facilities In case of Hostel 46% saying it â€Å"Bad† and this is a matter of concern. While discussing with Average values, the data indicates the same urgency. But at the same time it can be observed that 24% , which is in 2nd position as far as percentages in concern, is saying is good. It may indicate that some portion of the Hostel is having better situation than the rest. Also 6% feeling their accommodation as â€Å"Very Good†. Gym While discussing about Gym, which is yet to be established, 48% is in favour of this, out of which 42% saying it as a Good facility and 6% as â€Å"Very Good† facility. Parking The above diagram shows that 38% are saying â€Å"Bad† to Parking facility and also 30% is recognizing it as â€Å"Good†. Only 8% is saying it â€Å"very Bad† and 12% is saying â€Å"Very Good†. Toilet In case of Toilet 44% saying it â€Å"Bad† and this is also a matter of concern. While discussing with Average values, the data indicates the same urgency. But at the same time it can be observed that 22% is saying is good. It may indicate that there is also some better situation. Also 8% feeling as â€Å"Very Good†. Lab In case of Lab, which is more related to education, 46% is in favour of this, out of which 36% saying it as a Good facility and 10% as â€Å"Very Good† facility. 7. Trend lines Now as per the given question, the trend lines have to be created in the spreadsheet graph. For this purpose , here the intercept is considered as zero(0) and then the equation is shown alongwith the scatter plot and the trend line. Here the first variable â€Å"Overall infrastructure† is considered as the Dependent Variable and there are other six independent variable. Taking each Independent variables separately, the trend line along with the graph will be created. Case 1. Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Laundry: As shown in the graph, the required equation is Y=.732x Case 2. Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Hostel: The required equation is Y= .659X Case 3. Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Gym : The required equation is Y= .787X Case 4. Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Parking facility : The equation here is Y= .740X. Case 5. Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Toilet facility : Here the equation is Y=.656x Case 5.Overall infrastructure and Satisfaction on Toilet facility : Here the equation is Y= .735x 9.Business Report All the equations are formed considering the variables separately. In each equation, if value of x is given, the estimated value of Y will be obtained by solving the equation with simple calculation. The dependent variable is considered as â€Å"Overall infrastructure:† which actually says whether there is really any need of ‘refurbishing the whole college† or not. This dependent variable depends on several other issues/ factors as considered as Independent variable. So, taking care or giving attention on those areas actually help the project to take decision whether or not this could be done. The above analysis tells which area needs utmost attention and which area is somehow okay up to this. Based on the analysis, one could say that the two issues .i.e. Toilet and Hostel need to be addressed seriously. Assignment 2 Question No.1 X = scores of a market survey regarding the acceptability of a new product launch by a company Frequency Table with a class interval of 5 Class interval 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 frequency 2 0 1 1 6 2 10 8 2 Mean, variance and standard deviation. Mean () = ,where N = and Variance = ÏÆ'2= 2 Standard Deviation = Square root of variance. And Xi here will be the mid value of the class interval. The following table is being constructed for the required calculations. Class interval mid value(xi) frequency 5-10 7.5 2 10-15 12.5 0 15-20 17.5 1 20-25 22.5 1 25-30 27.5 6 30-35 32.5 2 35-40 37.5 10 40-45 42.5 8 45-50 47.5 2 247.5 = 32 Here mid value(xi) frequency 7.5 2 56.25 15 112.5 12.5 0 156.25 0 0 17.5 1 306.25 17.5 306.25 22.5 1 506.25 22.5 506.25 27.5 6 756.25 165 4537.5 32.5 2 1056.25 65 2112.5 37.5 10 1406.25 375 14062.5 42.5 8 1806.25 340 14450 47.5 2 2256.25 95 4512.5 247.5 = 32 = 8306.25 = 1095 = 40600 Mean = = 1095/32 = 34.22 Variance = ÏÆ'2= (40600/32) – (34.22)2 = 97.83 Standard Deviation = Square root of variance =9.90 Score corresponding to 50% percentile. 50% percentile is also the median. Here the data set has to be written in increasing order 8 8 18 25 26 26 27 27 29 30 32 35 36 37 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 41 41 42 43 44 44 45 45 48 49 There are 32 observations in all => There will be two middle values. The average of those two middle values will be the value corresponding to 50% percentile or the Median. Now since both are 39 implies the average is also 39. So, it could be said that the score 39 corresponds to 50% percentile. Calculate the location of third quartile. Rewriting the data set in increasing order: 8 8 18 25 26 26 27

Examine the development and effects of the relationship between Pip Ess

Examine the development and effects of the relationship between Pip and Estella Pip and Estella's story is not about living happily ever after. Dickens never tells us what happens, if anything, between them in the end. He leaves it only that they remain friends. There is a purpose for this. Dickens novel is about Pip's quest for Estella's love and what he is willing to do to gain it. I think that the story is never about the love itself. We can see this because in the majority of the story, Estella is only present in Pip's heart and thoughts. The actual interaction between the characters Dickens keeps at a minimum. To make this a love story, the characters would have to carry out some sort of loving affection towards each other, which they don't do, although I do believe that Pip loves Estella but she thinks it is impossible that she will ever love, and so does not ever like the idea of Pip's affection; as a friend she repeatedly warns him off. I think that most of us regard a woman without feeling, who torments others, with disapproval, but it is not Estella's faul... Examine the development and effects of the relationship between Pip Ess Examine the development and effects of the relationship between Pip and Estella Pip and Estella's story is not about living happily ever after. Dickens never tells us what happens, if anything, between them in the end. He leaves it only that they remain friends. There is a purpose for this. Dickens novel is about Pip's quest for Estella's love and what he is willing to do to gain it. I think that the story is never about the love itself. We can see this because in the majority of the story, Estella is only present in Pip's heart and thoughts. The actual interaction between the characters Dickens keeps at a minimum. To make this a love story, the characters would have to carry out some sort of loving affection towards each other, which they don't do, although I do believe that Pip loves Estella but she thinks it is impossible that she will ever love, and so does not ever like the idea of Pip's affection; as a friend she repeatedly warns him off. I think that most of us regard a woman without feeling, who torments others, with disapproval, but it is not Estella's faul...

Being a leader

Since my childhood I am self motivated and committed to my work, due to my family background. My grandfather taught me a lot about discipline. I learned work ethics from my father in the first place through his attitude with colleagues at work and at home with the members of the family. My education in engineering provided important technical knowledge, which ought to be entwined with the aforesaid principles. My software experience enhanced my skills in system analysis and bug fixing. I am a quick learner and a practical problem solver.I am good at leveraging my past experience into new technologies. I proved my commitment and project management skills by meeting the project deadlines at Countrywide Home loans. Management at Countrywide awarded me with Star Search Award, which portrays my adaptability and result oriented nature. Traditionally theorists stated that good leaders or not made but born (Lussier N. R. , 2006, p460). However, nowadays it is believed that leadership skills can be learned (Orlitzky M. et al 2003, p128-138). The following experiences also prove my leadership skills.After successful completion of my tertiary education in Computer Science and Engineering, I was offered a job in â€Å"FJ Benjamin & Holdings,† Singapore in December 1995 after rigorous initial screening. At that time I was a team member of a group that was involved in developing an application for in house use. During its development phase many people left the company seeking better opportunities elsewhere. This led the director in charge of the project to think that the wrong decision was taken since the upper management initially was inclined to purchase the project rather than developing it in house.It was on the insistence of this Director that the company agreed to develop the application in house. Thus it was up to the Director to complete the work on time. I then took the matter at hand and commenced contacting my friends and others to join our group, in order to attain the objectives set. I induced some of my friends to join in the organization and thus helped in the continuance of the project at hand. Ultimately, we were successful in developing and implementing the project.Even though the project took more time than expected due to the adversaries faced, management was content that the project was completed with in the budget set. I was recognized and rewarded for my initiative and coordination of the staff accordingly. References: Lussier N. R. (2006). Management Fundamentals. Third Edition. United States of America: Thomson South-Western. Orlitzky M. ; Benjamin J. (2003). The effects of sea composition on small-group performance in a business school case competition, Academy of Management Learning, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 128-138.

Nuclear Energy Essay

There are many advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power. Nuclear power is said to prevent power outages that happen in areas without nuclear power. For an example, if we were using hydroelectricity and the dam suddenly malfunctions, then we won’t have electricity until someone fixes the dam, and that would be difficult if it happened in the middle of the night. However, on the other hand, nuclear power is also considered toxic and it pollutes the Earth with harmful and deadly waste. Here are a few reasons why we should and should not use nuclear power. One of the reasons why we should use nuclear power is that it doesn’t pollute like coal and other fossil fuels. Scientists have said that using nuclear power is used to power electricity in most homes. They have also been saying that nuclear power tend to work better than using fossil fuels, gas power, and hydroelectric power. Since scientists are saying it works better, than we can use more nuclear power than using fossil fuels, gas power, and hydroelectric power. Another reason why we should use nuclear power is that scientists have said that it is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single nuclear power plant unlike coal, gas, hydroelectric power plants since they need a few to power electricity. This is important because it costs more to build a nuclear power plant than to build a coal, gas, or hydroelectric power plant. That way, we can save money by building one nuclear power plant instead of a few coal, gas, or hydro electric power plants. One more reason why we should use nuclear power is that scientists have been saying that the affect of global warming because of nuclear has been relatively little compared to coal, gas, and hydroelectric power. If we keep using nuclear power for electricity and other good uses, then there would be less global warming, but if we start to use more and more fossil fuels, then global warming will keep increasing in the future, so to prevent this, we can use nuclear energy. One of the reasons why we should not use nuclear power is that nuclear power is that nuclear energy releases radiation such as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Alpha particles can cause skin injuries similar to severe burns, beta particles can travel into the body and damage cells, and finally, gamma rays can deliver intense energy to the cells and cause severe damage. Radiation  from nuclear energy can wipe out the human generation, since mutation usually occurs when a person is affected by radiation. In order to prevent this from happening, we shouldn’t take chances and use nuclear energy. Another reason why we shouldn’t use nuclear power is because it takes many years for it to decay. Unlike coal, gas, and hydroelectric power, once you use it, it is not done. After a point where it has no more nuclear power, there are still radioactive waves in it that will still damage your cells. After the half-life of the radioactive element occurs, which could take a long time , only half of it has decayed. Nuclear energy can help, but later on we would have to dispose the nuclear waste to decay in a remote location. If we need remote locations to dispose nuclear waste, then one day we would run out of those areas, and possibly half of the world will be not be accessible to humans due to nuclear waste occupying the areas. One more reason why we shouldn’t use nuclear power is that one of the types of nuclear energy, nuclear fission produces high amounts of nuclear waste. Scientists have been saying that if we use nuclear energy, then we should be disposed off at a safe place since they are extremely hazardous and can leak radiation if not stored properly. If the wastes somehow get into the freshwater and saltwater systems, then all the sea animals will get affected, and we won’t be able to drink the water from the freshwater. Another type of nuclear energy, nuclear fusion doesn’t produce any nuclear waste unlike nuclear fission, but it is really hard to make, so since it is hard to make, it won’t be helpful for everyday electricity. In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages against nuclear energy, but I think that as long as we keep the nuclear power plant is in a remote location where no one can go and get affected, we can use nuclear energy. When the nucle ar waste is produced, then we can dispose it off at a safe place since it’s extremely hazardous and can leak radiation if not stored properly. If we are going to use nuclear energy, then we should handle it carefully even if it is for electricity because if it is misused, then people who are affected by the radiation from the energy will have mutations or possibly even die.