Steroids In Sports Essay Example For Students

Steroids In Sports Essay About SteroidsUnderstanding steroidSteroids natureSteroids that are utilized by competitors are the fake type of testosterone, a human hormone discharged by the body to invigorate and keep up the male sexual organs. Testosterone is known as a male hormone since it is delivered in men in huge amounts contrasted with the amount created in ladies (Mishra, 1-2). Hormones that are created by the testicles and the adrenal organ in men and ovaries and adrenal organ in ladies contains particular sort of fat called steroids, normal ones, which implies strong in Greek. The body delivers around 600 various types of steroids considered androgens these sorts incorporate testosterone. The measure of testosterone created in guys is around 10 to multiple times more than in ladies. Therefore we notice that ladies who utilizes steroids have manly qualities (Yesalis, 23-24). A male human body produce a normal of 2.5 to 11 mg of testosterone day by day, while the normal client of steroids take around 10 0 mg day by day (Mishra, 2). At the point when we talk about steroids we are alluding to the anabolic-androgenic steroids, however competitors are increasingly worried about the anabolic property. Anabolic in Greek methods, to assemble while androgenic methods masculinizing. Androgenic impact assumes a job in the development of the male generation framework and is answerable for hair development and the extending of the voice while anabolic impact helps in the development of the muscles by giving them by held protein (Anabolic steroids, 1). Anabolic steroids are the outcome from tests that are were made to deliver a medication that has tissue-building capacity that of the testosterone and simultaneously isolating it from testosterones masculinizing properties. Since the detachment didn't completely worked out, the best possible name of this medication is anabolic-androgenic steroids despite the fact that it is called anabolic steroids or just steroids (Yesalis, 24). Steroids Develop mentFrom the early ages man was worried in expanding his capacity and his sexual capacity. Competitors in the old Greek used to take some wine blended in with strychnine, improvement of the CNS, taken from plants. Others ate psychedelic medications (Reuters, 1). In 140 BC Indians used to eat gonad tissue that gave them sexual capacity and aided in defeating feebleness issues. During 2000 Babylonians saw that maiming didn't just messed richness up yet additionally they lose their forcefulness and influence (Yesalis, 31-32). Steroids were first evolved during the 1930s By Dr. Charles Kockakian, who was known as the dad of anabolic steroids, to forestall body tissues from separating due maladies, however the illicit utilization of steroids began in the Olympic games during the 1950s after the athletic panel has discovered that Russian competitors and some East European countries matches dominated most of the awards and that was because of the utilization of steroids (Mishra, 1). This w as an outcome after Paul de Kruif a science author recommended in 1940s utilizing the tissue-building medication to be utilized in sports with the goal that competitors could upgrade their presentation. Be that as it may, the puzzle of the development of medications from research facility to sports isn't found at this point, since nobody know how steroids attacked each sort of sports (Yesalis, 34-36). Subsequent to finding the tissue-building property such huge numbers of investigates were done to disconnect this property from androgenic property, yet this was incomprehensible. Specialists changed the testosterones substance structure by including esters that is a mix of liquor and corrosive after water is expelled. These testosterone esters turned into the significant medication for all competitors (Yesalis, 34). Utilizing WaysSteroids can be taken from multiple points of view; it could be orally (pills or containers), by infusion with a syringe (as a gooey fluid), or by skin creams or fixes. Steroids that are taken orally have their substance structure causes them to be immediately cleaned by the liver and yet it is poisonous to the liver. Steroids clients frequently take steroids in cycles every scene keeps going from 6 to 12 weeks or more. During their cycles clients start with low portions at that point increment the dosages to return to bring down dosages (Yesalis, 25). In addition, clients consistently stack, utilize various types of steroids and that to give more impact and diminish symptoms and maintain a strategic distance from discovery (Ringhofer, 174). A few steroids clients ingest different medications simultaneously with steroids this is called exhibit. The point behind these medications is to reduce the symptoms of steroids. For instance these medications could contain diuretic to deal with liquid maintenance, enemies of estrogens to forestall bosom advancement, chorionic gonadotrophine to lessen testicular decay and hostile to skin inflammation drug. Competitors take measurement relying upon every specific game; runners take about 1.5 to multiple times than the typical normal which is 7 mg of testosterone per day, while weight lifters who are looking to beef up take around 10 to 100 more than the ordinary normal (Yesalis, 26). Clients and Causes of Using SteroidsThere are such huge numbers of various types of individuals who use steroids; primarily they are competitors who need to contend, kids who are attempting it just because and other school competitors, mentors in the GYM take steroids so they will look increasingly strong and tremendous from the individuals who are preparing. On the opposite side, a few people who perform difficult work like police officer, fire fighter utilizes steroids to be progressively enthusiastic. Models, artists, and famous actors every one of them take steroids for a superior picture (Yesalis, 5). Steroids have a clinical use as well. They help numerous patients who are going to make a medical procedure, for the older how need to manage their hormones and numerous others use steroids to battle issues coming about because of HIV and AIDS. Be that as it may, all these won't be our issue of conversation in this paper since we will focus on competitors utilization of steroids (Yesalis, 6). The sociological viewpoint is the principle purpose for utilizing steroids. Such a large number of competitors and individuals basically guys feel that huge and solid muscles will give them a manly look. Others acknowledge only winning and this put a ton of focus on them; in such cases, they begin taking steroids. Other explanation for steroids use is that some school or school competitors are searching forward for a grant and steroids can support a ton. Also, individuals are concerned more with momentary outcomes than long haul wellbeing results (Mishra, 3). Component of ActionThere is one clear proof that during hard preparing two things occur. In the first place, the degree of testosterone drops in the human body to the degree of the maimed one. Interestingly, body discharge glucocrticoids which separate tissue, catabolic impact. We infer that over preparing may cause muscle decline. Accordingly the significance of steroids use while preparing is expanding. Steroids help in expanding protein amalgamations through its connection with the focused on tissue. So after the DNA in the cell, chromosome, associate with the anabolic steroids that have reached through the blood, different compound, auxiliary and contractile proteins arrangement happen. This encourages muscles to become quicker (Yesalis, 27-29). The other thing is Placebo Effect; it is the physical or the mental change that outcomes from taking a latent substance, accepting that this dormant will have a helpful impact. This was the situation even in antiquated occasions. Misleadi ng impacts result from a people creative mind that he can accomplish more, also now and again there are enhancements dependent on objective clinical measures (Yesalis, 30-31). At long last, Nervous System and Psychological impacts; our fundamental concern is hostility that is related with brutal games, such as wrestling, is taken a gander at as an improving presentation act. In any case, it is coherent that more forcefulness while preparing prompts more advantage, and causes the individual to accomplish more and simultaneously competitors would not sympathize with their torment and weariness. Never the less, contemplates showed that steroids have biochemical establishment since what's more for the steroids impact on CNS and neuromuscular intersection, a tremendous strong man acting in a forceful manner will be seen in excess of a little man acting forcefully since the bigger man can do more prominent harm (Yesalis, 30) Steroids EffectAthletes Performance and appearanceAfter a few do sages of steroids an individual will observer an expansion in craving, hostility, vitality and quick recuperation from exercises. The entirety of this occurs toward the start and without seeing any symptoms (Ringhofer, 175). The primary goal of competitors behind utilizing steroids is that they have to build their quality, increment bulk and decrease fat, additionally to expand their continuance and a quicker recuperation from practice so they can rehearse all the more frequently (Yesalis, 40). All pertinent data about steroids impact on execution depends on competitors experience and studies made on human. In view of these investigations the impact is partitioned into three classes: Aerobic limit and continuance, body arrangement, and quality execution (Yesalis, 41). 76.6%/1862 words/There are no equivalent opportuniti... EssayEducational ApproachEducation assumes a significant job in controlling steroids. Numerous schools added steroids attentiveness to their instructive projects clarifying their genuine risks (Yesalis, 87). Oregon Model of instruction against steroids conveyed by the Oregon wellbeing sciences college, Portland, says that neither panic strategies is an approach to prevent competitors from taking steroids, nor a talk toward the start of the games season. Their work stressed more on the social expectation, self-perception, impetuses toward sedate use and capturing drug brokers. The program didn't just include the competitors yet in addition the guardians, the groups and mentors so they will have the option to make a solid social circle (Yesalis, 90). What's more, the ATLAS, Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids, anticipation program endorsed that members, comparative with a benchmark group, were less hauled to steroi ds and attempting it since they know its symptoms notwithstanding

Earwax Goal and Positive Role Model Essay

Earwax Goal and Positive Role Model Essay Earwax: Goal and Positive Role Model Essay Understudy Reflection The benefit of getting a degree is invaluable to me. There are some drawn out outcomes that originate from having that bit of paper that has your degree on it. Practically all employment showcases out there on the planet today require preparing with an advanced education because of the considerable number of redesigns in innovation that has come to fruition. For me, the benefit of getting my degree implies that I will have the option to add to my family salary alongside my fiancã ©e. I will assist with giving a superior method of living for my youngsters and ourselves. I will at last have the option to go to a vocation that I endeavored to go to. The entirety of the considering and assignments that I am experiencing right currently is only a venturing stone to my future vocation. I am trusting that by me returning to class and getting my degree will help impact my own children to need to improve themselves when they grow up. I need to be a positive good example and give them that th ey also can set off for college and improve a life for them. The entirety of the appraisals and instruments that are given to us in this web based learning condition are extraordinary and can be useful to every one of us for our future courses and future professions. I never knew all the exercises that we have dealt with in this course would give me things that I never thought about myself. My bent test and moral focal point stock indicated me the sort of character I have in words. I knew things about myself yet observing them recorded as a hard copy is somewhat of an alternate perspective on everything. Building my vocation way is likewise something that helped me to discover what sort of profession decisions are out there that I had not started to think would be something that I should do when I graduate too. Going into school, my attitude was totally concentrating on social insurance organization and that was it. Presently I see what different professions there are accessible to utilize my degree with. It gave me that there are substantially more professions that include working with the open other than working in a doctor’s office or medical clinic. Learning in this community condition with all these different understudies is actually a great open door for me. I appreciate having the option to type my reactions to my individual schoolmates and hear again from them. It instructs us to be progressively mindful of others on an unexpected level in comparison to being together in a physical homeroom. Rather than being in a class with understudies your own age, you are with an assortment old enough gatherings in a shared internet learning condition. This permits greater decent variety and various perspectives from a wide range of individuals. There are numerous individuals that have such huge numbers of various encounters and we would all be able to gain from them. This course has additionally assisted with showing me somewhat more about time and stress t he executives. That is something that is essential to realize how to oversee in a positive manner particularly when you work, have children at home, and so on. It is critical to realize how to deal with these assignments to that things complete appropriately. I am happy to

Choosing the Best Writing Service Tips

Choosing the Best Writing Service Tips How to Choose the Best Writing and Editing Services Home›Informative Posts›How to Choose the Best Writing and Editing Services Informative PostsEvery student no matter of a grade deals with the most common task â€" an essay writing. Students start writing essays at a very young age and keep doing it for the rest of their academic life. The length and complication of the papers increase as you want the higher grades but the basic format and purpose stay the same. What is the purpose of an essay? It is to do a research on a given subject and show your opinions to your readers so that they can see that this was worth their time. That’s why writing an essay you should do your best to meet the expectations of your audience. A good essay definitely requires a lot of your efforts and time.The reasons why students always procrastinate with accomplishing their writing task are different. Whether they have no motivation because they aren’t interested enough in the subject or because o f the lack of time to write their assignment. Students might lack the dedication to write their essays due to loads of homework tasks. The only reasonable excuse for procrastinating with the writing task is a student’s sickness or an accident that makes them unable to complete the assignment by the given deadline.In case you aren’t able to accomplish your paper no matter what’s the reason, you definitely need to get help. A decent number of physical agencies and writers are ready to help you, the point is, that they are not the cheapest ones for sure. Comparing to traditional sources, online ones are cheaper. If you are on a shoestring budget and have no idea which traditional source is a reliable one, you should find the best writing service and order your custom paper from it.Guide to Getting the Best Editing ServiceWhen looking for the best source online, you should decide whether you want to use the services of an agency or a freelance writer. Let’s compare a freelance w riter and online writing services, identifying what’s the difference between them and if there is any. A freelance writer is usually someone with no permanent job, someone who writes a paper at a cheaper price than anyone else does. Online writing services can boast of high professionalism their writers have, they are real professionals in different areas.Almost every author wants to have their written paper reviewed. Some students tend to ask their department head or a friend to revise their work. If you want to review your essay properly, essay editing services are definitely of a great value. If an English-second-language author wants to get published in any international journals, this author tends to seek help from professional editing services for a review of their masterpiece. Undoubtedly, a professional editing service isn’t the cheapest one for many researchers.Let’s figure out how you can/essay-editing-service/ ensure yourself to get the best editing and writing serv ice:Try to send the best possible document:Every editor deals with deadlines, that’s why only a certain amount of time can be devoted to a certain paper, no matter how well-intentioned and skilled the editor is. That’s why before sending your document to the editor, it’s reasonable to fix every possible detail whether it’s heading style or extra/missing spaces, or consistency between the reference list and in-text citations. You should educate yourself on the basics of the language when writing sentences in English try to use the simple “subject-verb-object” structure. Thus, you will help the editor to get what you’ve meant. It will be much easier to correct anything that needs to be corrected and focus on addressing issues that you might have failed to do properly (e.g. sentence construction or word choice).You should seek guidance beforehand:Does it feel like you aren’t sure of getting a terminology issue right? Do you have any doubts about the way your sentence is written and whether it really reflects your meaning? If you do, then you should inform the editor beforehand. Doing that, you enable the editor not to waste precious time on deciding whether there is a problem or not, giving chance to proceed with offering you solutions.Ask questions:A good editing service has a secure mechanism for addressing any question that the author might have concerning an edited document. With the help of this facility, you see explanations relating to the changes made. Thus you are enabled to learn from the editor, which is undoubtedly great for your future manuscripts.Give complete information:Providing the editor with all information needed you the same way increase your chances for an effective edit. If you need, for example, the document be formatted as per the journal guidelines, take care to ensure the contribution type in addition to the journal name. Basically, if you don’t need the manuscript to be formatted, pointing out the word count limit yo u secure that the editor won’t exceed the limit; thus you simplify your work before submission.Provide feedback:In case the editor misunderstood a technical term, you should write him/her about that. Communication encourages the editor to include explanatory comments about such issues and he/she might have a perfectly logical explanation. Feedback isn’t limited only to criticism. If you liked a certain aspect of the editor’s work, it would be great to write the editor about it. Thus you are inspiring your editor to be more consistent and interested in your collaboration.Keep in mind that it’s an iterative process: When working on your manuscript, remember that your relationship with the editor is rather cooperative. Cooperation means a lot if you want to get the best results. Keep asking your editor questions if you have any, and working through multiple rounds of edits.

The Effects of Alcohol Abuse - 1472 Words

In the world we live in today, people have quite easy access to things that can corrupt them. These things cloud one’s judgment and coerce people into doing things they should not. Alcohol is one of those things. Alcohol is extremely easy to get ahold of. It can be attained from anywhere; there are bars and liquor stores on every corner. One can get alcohol in grocery stores, gas stations, people can even brew it themselves if they know how. Alcohol that is commonly abused comes in a large variety ranging from weaker alcohols like wine and beer to stronger substances like tequila and vodka. When one abuses alcohol it taints the minds of even the purest souls and then they do things they normally would not do or it brings out their darker†¦show more content†¦This relates to alcohol abuse’s effects on families because when the relationship between the parents is destroyed from violence, the rest of the family falls apart as well. Domestic violence is a huge issu e all around the globe; in the United States, alcohol plays a major role in it. While alcohol abuse does not directly cause domestic violence, it definitely contributes. Alcohol may increase the risk and severity of violence in homes where incidents have occurred before (Holtby 2). Since alcohol can affect one’s judgment to a point where they are irritable, angry, violent, or lazy some abusers use alcohol as a form of justification for violence (Bennett 1). Large quantities of alcohol, or any for alcoholics, can make the drinker feel more powerful and controlling than others, which can make an abuser feel the need to begin extending this power and control over their spouse (Bennett 1-2). When all those traits get added into a family unit there is going to be trouble. Either it will be one spouse asking their partner to stop drinking which causes an argument that will eventually escalate into violence, or it will be the alcohol clouding a person’s judgment and then they turn violent towards their spouse. In The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls, Rex Walls get into a fight that ends with his wife, Rose Mary, being thrown out a window to hang there until Rex lifted her back into the house because he had been drinking and that amplified his aggressiveness. While it’sShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Alcohol882 Words   |  4 Pagesme is alcohol. I often notice underage adolescents drinking and I also distinguish how they become different people when intoxicated by alcohol. They begin to walk funny and they tend to slur their words, making it hard to comprehend anything they are saying. I have watched family members who were so inebriated that they could not even spell their own name or even pinpoint who they were. 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For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse1616 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse The term alcohol abuse in this case encompasses harmful use of alcohol and misuse of alcohol resulting from dependence. The experience of alcohol abuse can have far-reaching consequences on the family, the community, and the nation. According to NIDA, drug and substance abuse costs the nation $600 Billion every year. This cost factors in crime, healthcare, and lost productivity. Alcohol accounts for 40% of this cost. It is, therefore, necessary, within the context of the family, toRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse1965 Words   |  8 PagesAs of January 2015 alcohol related deaths were represented as accountable for approximately 6% of deaths worldwide. That is 3.3 million deaths from alcohol related car accidents to alcohol poisoning. The consumption of alcohol can be tied with being a factor in a variety of diseases, disabilities, tragedies, and crimes. An estimate of over 76 million people suffer from alcohol dependence and abuse. Consumption of alcohol can become a serious threat to personal and public health when an individualRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Alcohol and Drug Abuse There may be some things that you don t know about the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. Having knowledge about alcohol and drug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of drugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Family1518 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact this is having on her relationship with my mom and family. To say my step mom is an addict would truly be an understatement because of her need and crave for it each day. Unfortunately, alcohol abuse is not often taken serious and many people have a tough time understanding the effects of alcohol abuse on the entire family as opposed to just the abuser. Since Tina was a young age, she knew she was a lesbian and made it a point to hide this from her family and friends. She began to create aRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On Children1698 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The influence of alcohol advertising has been around for many years. People don’t understand the damage that alcohol abuse can cause and will cause if someone decides to start drinking on a regular. Often time’s people begin to drink because they are stressed and becomes a habit that one can no longer over come. Once down that road it is hard to recover, but if you are willing to recover there is always clinics and family that will help. Alcohol abuse and enslavement are enormous currentRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Body991 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse has become a growing problem in the U.S. today. Even though alcohol prevents certain illness and extends life, alcohol abuse needs to be controlled before it gets to out of hand because it has many negative effects on a person’s body, it can cause harm to children mentally and physically, and not only affects the person drinking it but the people around them. Alcohol abuse has many negative effects on the body. One way it affects the body is through the heart

Essay on Conflict Between Social Classes - 1880 Words

Social class, which can define one’s position in society, sometimes contributes to a form of conflict for people with socially low status who try to gain rights and equality in society. This can often been seen in the twentieth century history, such as the movement towards African and Indian independence, where people rebelled in order to create their own government and have better living conditions. The rise of conflicts due to social inequality happened in all over the world, and consequently, social class difference is integral to the conflict in many examples of Non-Western literature in the twentieth century. Discrimination against the Hazaras and the conflict between them and the Taliban is portrayed in The Kite Runner when the†¦show more content†¦Starting as being a bully at a younger age, Assef takes further steps by raping Hassan, building up his sense of nationalism and pride as being half German and Pashtun and considering himself as top in the Afghanistan society. ^ Ethnic cleansing of Hazaras by the Taliban also indicates a serious takeover of the minority by the majority. From here, the readers are clearly able to see that difference in social class and status triggers some form of conflict between the two, occasionally leading to a bigger matter, such as the â€Å"ethnic cleansing† or wars. Because of the Taliban’s desire to conquer and dominate Afghanistan and fill the country with the â€Å"pure blooded† Pashtuns, they begin murdering the innocent people of the Hazara. The novel suggests this by involving a scene where Hassan is assassinated by members of Taliban, because he was claimed to own a property that isn’t his, and for â€Å"lying† when he is actually telling the truth. â€Å"A pair of Talib officials came to investigate and interrogated Hassan. They accused him of lying when Hassan told them†¦The Talibs said he was a liar and a thief like all Hazaras and ordered him to get his family out of the house by sundown. Hassan protested†¦So they took him to the street and ordered him to kneel and shot him in the back of the head.† (218-219, Hosseini) shows an obvious form of conflict, or a violent force as one tries to diminish the other group with the power they have. Evidently, the class difference betweenShow MoreRelat edConflict Theory and Conflict Between Social Classes802 Words   |  3 Pages Conflict theory began with Karl Marx and his belief that capitalist societies are powered and controlled the conflict between social classes. Those who possessed a means of production, called the bourgeois, and and those that had to work for the bourgeois, called the proletariat. He felt that all elements of society were based around this struggle for control and for resources (Kendall 2014: 12 ). Conflict theorists believe that all humans behavior, all our social norms, all our systems of governmentRead MoreMarx and Class Conflict948 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognize that Marx viewed the structure of society in relation to its major classes, and the struggle between them as the engine of change in this structure. His was no equilibrium or consensus theory. Conflict was not deviational within society s structure, nor were classes functional elements maintaining the system. The structure itself was a deriva tive of and ingredient in the struggle of classes. His was a conflict view of modem (nineteenth century) society. The key to understanding MarxRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1187 Words   |  5 Pagesboth identify economic position as being a key factor in social stratification. Marx uses the Materialist Conception of History as his basic premise to show that there exist two classes which are in opposition to one another, and that they are in constant social conflict with one another due to the structure of capitalism itself. Weber, on the other hand, describes class as being an objective measure of wealth, with conflict not between classes but within them. Although Marx and Weber both concludeRead MoreClass Conflict1431 Words   |  6 Pagesextent to which class conflict affects education and life opportunities. The following paragraphs seek to illustrate how factors such as class position and parental attitudes affect education and life opportunities among different social classes and the conflict that lies between them. In order to understand the content of this essay it is first necessar y to understand all of the possible variables involved. Throughout this essay I will examine the definitions of class, conflict, education and opportunityRead MoreThe Conflict Theory Of Society988 Words   |  4 Pages The conflict theory itself was contrived and created from the beliefs of Karl Marx, who was a firm believer that society is an existence that is always changing and is influenced by the conflict between the social and economic classes. Functionalism views society as a complicated system where all are wanting equality, but the conflict theory sees life as competition and survival of the fittest. One of the foundations of the conflict theory is that society and life are made up of people acquiringRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Society1450 Words   |  6 Pagessociologist who was trying to look at society and how it can function in a new way. Marx’s was a German social philosopher, cultural commentator, and was political activist. He developed the terms â€Å"Conflict Theory† and â€Å"Marxism†. To start off with conflict theory is defined as a paradigm that see social conflict as the basis of society, social change and emphases a materialist view of society. Social inequality which is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and among prestige members of societyRead MoreConflict Theories Focus On The Political Nature Of Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theories focus on the political nature of crime and examine the creation and application of the law. Conflict theory fundamental assumption is that society is characterized more by conflict than by collective consensus. This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which are in a struggle for maintain their interestRead MoreKarl Marx s Class Theory1687 Words   |  7 Pagesstayed categorized between classes which conflict in the pursuit o f class interests. In the capitalist world, for instance, the factor which is the just but the nuclear cell as regards the capitalist system, becomes the key antagonism locus between classes—between labor power buyers and sellers, between exploiters and exploited—in place of functional collaboration. Class interests and the power confrontations that they introduce is to Karl Marx the centerpiece determining the social process and a historicalRead MoreThe Class Conflict Theory Proposed By Karl Marx1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Class Conflict Theory proposed by Karl Marx explains that society changes due to the need for human beings to have a higher level of social class. This is essentially a framework developed by Marx that he aimed to use to explain the mode of social stratification happening during his time, its root causes, and its main effects. Marx had a unique view on the nature of different social classes. He believed that there are only two social classes wher e people can belong (Marx McLellan, Karl MarxRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society983 Words   |  4 Pagesflawless. There are conflicts of interest about the relations between the school and society. The main problem with functionalism is that it tends to emphasize the social needs of society over the individual’s need. Robert Merton, a critic of functionalism comments that â€Å"because many functionalisms have assumed that every social practice and institution must be understood in terms of its adaptive function for the society as a whole, they have tended to give a primary value to existing social forms.† (p.

Mammal classified Free Essays

All living creatures are classified by a seven-level system.   The top level is kingdom, followed by phylum, and then class.   In this particular case, the system is animalia, chordata, and the mammalia, or mammals. We will write a custom essay sample on Mammal classified or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Mammals are animals which are warm-blooded, have fur, and live young.   They are classified further into 3 subclasses and then into 26 orders.   Mammals make up a significant portion of the visible species on earth, and include humans and all house pets. The first subclass is called Eutheria.   In includes these orders: Artiodactyla (deer, camels, pigs, cows, sheep, etc.), Carnivora (cats, bears, etc.), Cetacea (whales, dolphins), Chiroptera (bats), Insectivora (hedgehogs, moles, shrews), Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares), Perissodactyla (horses, rhinos, tapirs), Primates (apes, monkeys, lemurs, people), Proboscidea (elephants, etc.), Rodentia (rats, etc.), Sirenia (sea cows, manatees), Tubulidentata (aardvarks), and more (www.enchantedlearning.com).   These are the most familiar mammals to people, and it is also the largest subclass.   Other subclasses are Metatheria (marsupials) and Protheria. Each order contains a number of different animals, which are all similar to each other in certain ways.   For example, â€Å"artiodactlya† contains animals that have an even number of toes, while â€Å"perissodactyla† contains animals that have an odd number of toes.   Both classes are similar, in that they both have large animals.   â€Å"Primates† is possibly the most familiar class, and it contains humans and monkeys, which are very similar, in having body hair and opposable thumbs. Classifying mammals allows scientists to understand the features of the different groups.   While all mammals reproduce sexually and have live young, the gestational periods are different in different classes.   Knowing the differences helps to understand the different animals that scientists and people encounter. Mammal classifications are very helpful in understanding the similarities and differences between types of animals.   It helps scientists to understand and order the world around them, and is a useful and necessary system.    How to cite Mammal classified, Essay examples

Amys Journey With the Lord free essay sample

If I had to pick an influential person in my life it would be my 21 year old sister, Amy. She is a huge influence on me because of what she represented and shared with others. Amy represented hope in the Lord and morals that only few people carried. She knew the real meaning of living life to the fullest through Christ. On September of 2010, abdominal cancer became apart of Amy’s journey. She always sought out the best in things despite the reality of what was taking over her body. Amy would state without doubt â€Å"God has a purpose and role for everyone in this world, and your life should be spent fulfilling your mission to praise him.† She is my inspiration because of what she taught people in the short amount of time she had on earth. Amy knew that God had a mission for her. My family and I stood beside her every move and supported her through thick and thin. We will write a custom essay sample on Amys Journey With the Lord or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page God had impressed upon Amy to testify of what the Lord had done in Amys life. Amy gladly accepted the challenge of fulfilling her last mission on the earth. Amy was an incredible woman, everything she stood by was in the Lords name. As time moved forward Amy’s faith was unmoved. She believed God would use her lifes trials to minister to others. While in the hospital Amy would find ways to give God glory. After two years of struggling with cancer, Amy received the good news, the cancer was in remission. She had overcoming cancer and beat the odds. Amy was soon cleared to go home. The burden our family had endured was slowly being lifted, and everything appeared to be getting better for Amy. Amy had been asked by the church Pastor to give her testimony to the church. Amy was excited about getting to share what God had done and was doing in her life, but she was also nervous about speaking. Amy was confident in what the Lord laid on her heart to share with others. As church service began, Pastor askedAmy up to the pulpit and the congregation began to clap.Amy appeared to be anxious as she held her notes and folding them repeatedly. When she began to speak, it was evident the Holy Spirit was was guiding her. The congregation stood still as she gave testimony of what God had done in her life. Amy shared how through her diagnosis of Cancer she was able to minister to others. The most influential part of her speech was when she described how God is inside each and every person there. She challenged everyone to find their own journey and through praise and worship fulfill the journey God has for each one of them. She reminded us of how God is always with us, and Miracles happe n when we allow the Holy Spirit to move through us. Furthermore, â€Å"God will always be constant and he will always be there,†The way she described it will always stick with me. A few days later, Amy started to get sick again. Cancer was overcoming her body again, this time it was different, it seemed worse than times before. On the 22nd day of April, the Lord called Amy to join the angels up above. She left big footprints to follow, and I tell myself everyday I will live for God and commit to him. Amy would have wanted that. Amy, to this day, is the most influential person in my life. She left tracks that led to unimaginable places. She represent things that no one can wrap their head around or even comprehend. She is the person I look up to every single day, and no one will ever change that. Amy lived life to the fullest for the Lord.

Aging in Todays Society essays

Aging in Today's Society essays Mark Twain once said, Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Unfortunately, societies throughout the world let it matter. In todays culture, humans will go to extraordinary lengths to try and postpone the physical effects of aging. Age was once a word that society admired and respected, but modern day humanity has corrupted that viewpoint and has transformed age into something that human beings should delay and conceal. A celebrity is a perfect example of an individual in todays world that has a great degree of public fascination who does everything in their power to fight the results of aging. For example, in picture one, it shows what the celebrity would truly look like without all of the makeup and additives that are on her face. Due to her popular appeal, the need to mask all of blemishes on her face is a necessity and if she were to have no products on her face, her appearance would be characterized along the lines of horrendous. On another note, society has labeled gray hair not only as a sign of old age, but also as a sign of lifelessness. When analyzing the picture, gray hair is characterized as being dull whereas the blonde hair shows liveliness and vitality. An individuals hair color should never reflect the vibrancy they behold, but modern day society unfortunately depicts gray hair as a symbol of dullness. Author Mary Pipher exclaims how older people were once viewed as a positive, but now have been malformed to an undesirable persona. Pipher writes, Younger and healthier adults often avoid spending time around the aging because they want to avoid the issues of mortality and loss of independence (Pipher). The younger adults believe that being around older individuals will cause them to lose vivacity, which is completely ridiculous and outlandish. Pipher discusses how the media will never portray a person who shows si...

Identifying Post-Marital Residence Archaeologically

Identifying Post-Marital Residence Archaeologically A significant piece of kinship studies in anthropology and archaeology both is post-marital residence patterns, the rules within a society that determine where a child of a group resides after they get married. In pre-industrial communities, people generally live(d) in family compounds. Residence rules are essential organizing principles for a group, allowing families to build a labor force, share resources, and plan out rules for exogamy (who can marry who) and inheritance (how the shared resources are split among the survivors). Identifying Post-Marital Residence Archaeologically Beginning in the 1960s, archaeologists began attempting to identify patterns which might suggest post-marital residence at archaeological sites. The first attempts, pioneered by James Deetz, William Longacre and James Hill among others, were with ceramics, particularly decoration and style of pottery. In a patrilocal residence situation, the theory went, female pottery makers would bring in styles from their home clans and the resulting artifact assemblages would reflect that. That didnt work very well, in part because contexts where potsherds are found (middens) are rarely clear cut enough to indicate where the household was and who was responsible for the pot. See Dumond 1977 for a (fairly dyspeptic and so fairly typical for its era) discussion. DNA, isotope studies, and biological affinities have also been used with some success: the theory is that these physical differences would clearly identify the people who are outsiders to the community. The problem with that class of investigation is it is not always clear that where people are buried necessarily reflects where people lived. Examples of the methodologies are found in Bolnick and Smith (for DNA), Harle (for affinities) and Kusaka and colleagues (for isotope analyses). What seems to be a fruitful methodology of identifying post-marital residence patterns is using community and settlement patterns, as described by Ensor (2013). Post-Marital Residence and Settlement In his 2013 book The Archaeology of Kinship, Ensor lays out the physical expectations for settlement patterning in different post-marital residence behaviors. When recognized in the archaeological record, these on-the-ground, datable patterns provide insight into the societal makeup of the residents. Since archaeological sites are by definition diachronic resources (that is, they span decades or centuries and so contain evidence of change over time), they can also illuminate how residence patterns change as the community expands or contracts. There are three main forms of PMR: neolocal, unilocal and multi-local residences. Neolocal can be considered the pioneer stage, when a group consisting of parent(s) and child(ren) move away from existing family compounds to start new. Architecture associated with such a family structure is an isolated conjugal house which is not aggregated or formally situated with other dwellings. According to cross-cultural ethnographic studies, conjugal houses typically measure less that 43 square meters (462 square feet) in floor plan. Unilocal Residence Patterns Patrilocal residence is when the boys of the family stay in the family compound when they marry, bringing in spouses from elsewhere. Resources are owned by the men of the family, and, although the spouses reside with the family, they are still part of the clans where they were born. Ethnographic studies suggest that in these cases, new conjugal residences (whether rooms or houses) are constructed for the new families, and eventually a plaza is required for meeting places. A patrilocal residence pattern thus includes a number of conjugal residences scattered around a central plaza. Matrilocal residence is when the girls of the family stay in the family compound when they marry, bringing in spouses from elsewhere. Resources are owned by the women of the family and, although the spouses can reside with the family, they are still part of the clans where they were born. In this type of residence pattern, according to cross-cultural ethnographic studies, typically sisters or related women and their families live together, sharing domiciles which average 80 sq m (861 sq ft) or more. Meeting palces such as plazas are not necessary, because the families reside together. Cognatic Groups Ambilocal residence is a unilocal residence pattern when each couple decides which family clan to join. Bilocal residence patterns is a multi-local pattern in which each partner stays in their own family residence. Both of these have the same complex structure: both have plazas and small conjugal house groups and both have multifamily dwellings, so they cannot be distinguished archaeologically. Summary Residence rules define who is us: who can be relied on in emergencies, who is required to work on the farm, who we can marry, where we need to live and how our family decisions are made. Some argument can be made for residential rules driving the creation of ancestor worship and unequal status: who is us must have a founder (mythical or real) to identify, people who are related to a particular founder might be of a higher rank than others. By making the main sources of family income from outside of the family, the industrial revolution made post-marital residence no longer necessary or, in most cases today, even possible. Most likely, as with everything else in archaeology, post-marital residence patterns will be best identified using a variety of methods. Tracing the settlement pattern change of a community, and comparing physical data from cemeteries and changes in artifact styles from midden contexts will help approach the problem and clarify, as much as possible, this interesting and necessary societal organization. Sources Bolnick DA, and Smith DG. 2007. Migration and Social Structure among the Hopewell: Evidence from Ancient DNA. American Antiquity 72(4):627-644. Dumond DE. 1977. Science in Archaeology: The Saints Go Marching In. American Antiquity 42(3):330-349. Ensor BE. 2011. Kinship Theory in Archaeology: From Critiques to the Study of Transformations. American Antiquity 76(2):203-228. Ensor BE. 2013. The Archaeology of Kinship. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. 306 p. Harle MS. 2010. Biological Affinities and the Construction of Cultural Identity for the Proposed Coosa Chiefdom. Knoxville: University of Tennessee. Hubbe M, Neves WA, Oliveira ECd, and Strauss A. 2009. Postmarital residence practice in southern Brazilian coastal groups: continuity and change.  Latin American Antiquity 20(2):267-278. Kusaka S, Nakano T, Morita W, and Nakatsukasa M. 2012. Strontium isotope analysis to reveal migration in relation to climate change and ritual tooth ablation of Jomon skeletal remains from western Japan. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31(4):551-563. Tomczak PD, and Powell JF. 2003. Postmarital Residence Patterns in the Windover Population: Sex-Based Dental Variation as an Indicator of Patrilocality. American Antiquity 68(1):93-108.

Curriculum Vitae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Curriculum Vitae - Essay Example You should have solid network & Server support skills predominantly in the 2k/2k3 arena. You should be heading towards the MCSA/MCSE or at least have the relevant level of skill to carry out daily duties (The qualification itself is not necessary although would be beneficial). You will also need strong skills in networking protocols, Citrix, Active Directory & Exchange 2000/2003. If you have experience of anti-virus/byware/backup (Veritas) &/or Cisco Routers & Switches it would be advantageous to your application. You will be a hard working, have a passion to succeed & a get it done attitude. This position will help develop your skill-sets & advance your career in the long-term as the firm is a well established, financially successful enterprise. Send me your CV now. Spare Time Interests: My favourite past time would be sports particularly watching Football. I enjoy keeping fit and am a regular visitor at my local gym. I also endeavour to travel however; I have only had the opportunity to visit the Asian sub-continent and North America as yet. I am an honest, trustworthy, hardworking individual who has the ability to adapt to any environment and acquire the skills necessary to ensure this. A responsible individual with the ability to engage in detail planning and possess good organisational skills.

Handel's Influence on Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Handel's Influence on Beethoven - Essay Example In the same, he paid a visit to England and performed with success his opera Rinaldo. In 1727, he became a citizen of England and made London his permanent home. While in England he composed in Italian style and at the same time, he incorporated the English choral music. As the musical director for a number of organizations between 1719 and 1734, he became the leading director and composer of Italian operas in London (Solarhaven.org 1). His operas are based on the stories about historic heroic figures, fantasies, and light anti-heroic works and they include Tamerlano in 1724, Serse in 1738 and other operas. He is well known for his English oratorios composition than the Italian operas. The Messiah (1741) is the widely performed and most influential oratorio. He is well known for his tremendous contributions to the secular vocal music, instrumental music of different types (in particular concerto), and English church music (Solarhaven.org 1). Handel is well known as a great composer in the Baroque age (1600 – 1750); it is a period that was characterized by elaborate and long music that frequently needed many singers. He is also well-known for his English oratorios. An oratorio is an opera that lacks scenery and costumes. A number of his oratorios were and are still being performed as church music in countries that speak English around the world. He was also a master of Italian-type operas and wrote a number of scores for the instruments. Handel was an extensive artist; he combined Italian, English, French and German musical traditions to compose his works. In the years (1706 -1710) he spent in Italy, he was exposed to the best of oratorio, chamber cantata, opera and instrumental forms of sonata and concerto. By studying and playing with the greatest Italy musicians and composers, Handel transformed his raw talent into a polished style from a composer. Handel broke from the traditional music rules in order to make a dramatic impact (ArtsAlive.ca

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry Yu Dai â€Å"I don’t need it but I want it, why shouldn’t I have it?† In the documentary No Impact Man, the heroine Michelle questioned her husband Colin who had proposed the environmental protection project. The question, simple while indeed stated with logical precision, involves significant issues. From the economic perspective, this situation is described as hovering between personal motivations and consumer values when making economic decisions. Personal motivations have been considered a driving force of consumption, whereas consumer values express motivational concerns according to the theory of basic human values (Schwartz, S. H., Bilsky, W.). In the end of the movie, Michelle cycled through Manhattan with her baby girl. She once could not understand why some people did not drive in New York City, but then she became one of them. It is customary to consider that â€Å"finding balance regard to values† implies compromise, in which personal desires are usu ally first sacrificed, as it did in the case of Michelle who gave up her car. Nevertheless, I argue that values can be useful in expediting technological progress and giving us guidance for consuming smarter rather than simply sacrificing motivations. The formation of consumer values cannot be divorced from the consumption behavior itself. The idea of consumption has a long history, even before the emergence of money, back to the barter system period. Consumerism in the contemporary sense, which was considered as the early immature consumer value, originated in late nineteenth century when the accomplishment of the Second Industrial Revolution further encouraged the economic development. People’s spending habits changed greatly during the past several centuries. Most economic developments in the last century have been achieved at the cost of environment, and after entering the new century, many attempts were made to change the situation. Automobile industry as one of the most representative examples shows the possibility that moral standard, as part of the consumer value, can stimulate the market to develop new technology through its influence on consumer demand and behaviors. Modern cars were invented based on the working steam-powered vehicle during the Industrial Revolution, and have become prevalent since the mass production of affordable cars by Ford Motor Company in early 1900s. The popularization of cars had made life more convenient, but meanwhile, plenty of problems arose owing to a lack of environmental consciousness in the early period. Along with the improvement of the consumer values, vehicle pollution has been a global concern with the coming of the twenty-first century. Although the inhabitants of the earth were fully aware of the importance of the environmental protection, it was still unrealistic to force them to give up owning cars in order to minimize the gas emissions and the use of petroleum resources. Therefore, there was an urgent demand for new types of cars which can be more ecofriendly. In the first decade of the new century, the design and manufacture of electric vehicles by Elon Musk is a milestone in the automobile history. Tesla Motors, the company with its incredible fully electric luxury sedan hit the wealthy who pursued fresh excitement and were willing to take responsibility for protecting the environment. The attractions of this fancy motorcar lie not only in its amazing acceleration or safety performance, but also in the use of clean energy to effectively avoid the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. As Tesla Roadster was introduced as a better substitute of traditional cars to the market and consumers were naturally willing to replace the old one for the reduction of gas emission and the better protection of the environment, other companies saw the great opportunity as well and launched their new products one after another. Such positive consumer-driven cycle made energy-efficient and environmental-friendly automobiles a new trend of this cen tury. Different from what had happen to other markets, consumers didn’t simply cease their consumption in automobile to ease their concerns. Instead, they stimulate the market to update the products supplied by showing great demand for new types of cars out of concern for the environment, behind which is great influence from the consumer values. It finally offers them more choices, and thus they do not need to give up their motivations. The high price of Tesla Roadster may not be affordable to everyone, but other participants also showed their great efforts to make consumption both eco-friendly and satisfying. For those who already have cars, it seems impractical to buy a new one but reasonable to replace with another kind of fuel. Consumers highly demanded some improvements made in petroleum industry in order to reduce their guilty of polluting the environment. In this situation, the appearance of hybrid gasoline is well-founded. This new fuel reduces the pollution by adding ethanol into gasoline, which remains water after the combustion. With government support and the increasing demand, the production and use of ethanol fuel boomed in the past few years. And for those who want to buy new cars with budget constraint, the promotion of highly-efficiency and clean-fuel vehicles drop the price dramatically, and provide them with many choices as well. Consumer values often succeed in giving us suggestions about what we really need and demand for right things, in which bring such innovations that allow us to avoid struggling between conscience and desire. Besides automobile industry, there are many other businesses in which consumer values successfully make progress of technology to drive industrial development. In pharmaceutical industry, it has been a long history to use rare animals in medicine. The controversy of whether bear bile should be used as medicine has never stopped. Bear bile has been used as ingredients for its high medicinal value for thousands of years. However, the methods of bile extraction were very cruel which caused untold suffering to bears. Consumers expected the development of new drug which has the same effect but without hurting animals. Under this circumstance, after half-century study and experiment in medical circle, an artificially synthetic analogue of bear bile eventually were sold on the market and used widespread. It was another success that values guidance played its role rightly to promote the upgrade and update of commodities to conform customers’ demand. And there are numerous successful e xamples in every all walks of life. During the formation of consumer value in the past few centuries, a question has been frequently asked was in what way and how it guides our consumption behaviors. I would like to point out that consumer value as an invisible ideology often makes indirectly effect on buying habits. It exerts an imperceptible influence on consumer demand, and eventually promotes the market to supply better products with advanced technologies which allowed consumers easily to make right decisions.

Conventional Machining vs Non-Conventional Machining

lConventional Machining VS Non-Conventional Machining Conventional machining usually involves changing the shape of a workpiece using an implement made of a harder material. Using conventional methods to machine hard metals and alloys means increased demand of time and energy and therefore increases in costs; in some cases conventional machining may not be feasible. Conventional machining also costs in terms of tool wear and in loss of quality in the product owing to induced residual stresses during manufacture.With ever increasing demand for manufactured goods of hard alloys and metals, such as Inconel 718 or titanium, more interest has gravitated to non-conventional machining methods. Conventional machining can be defined as a process using mechanical (motion) energy. Non-conventional machining utilises other forms of energy. The three main forms of energy used in non-conventional machining processes are as follows : †¢ †¢ †¢ Thermal energy Chemical energy Electrical energy One example of machining using thermal energy is laser. Thermal methods have many advantages over conventional machining, but there are a few of disadvantages. Inconel 718, titanium and other hard metals and alloys have a very high melting point. Using thermal methods will require high energy input for these materials. Concentrating heat onto any material greatly affects its microstructure and will normally cause cracking, which may not be desirable. Safety requirements for thermal methods, especially laser, are demanding in terms of time and cost. Machining large areas or many surfaces at the same time using thermal methods is not normally possible. †¢ †¢ †¢ The methods using electrical energy are electrodischarge machining (EDM) and nodic machining (AM), which are similar in practice. EDM, often refered to as spark erosion, uses pulsed voltage to remove material from a workpiece and a non-conductive medium to clear the debris. Because the medium is electrica lly inert the tool is a direct reverse of the workpiece and no complicated tool design criteria are required. But the shock of spark erosion can affect the microstructure on the surface of the workpiece. Also, EDM has a lower material removal rate than AM. The chemicals used in AM are non-toxic and the energy required is less than other nonconventional machining processes.It has no effect on the microstructure of the workpiece. The electrolyte can even be common sea water, enabling AM to be used in a sub-sea capacity. The hardness and thermal resistivity of the workpiece material do not matter therefore hard metals and alloys can be machined using tools made from softer materials. The only disadvantage is that tool design is a little more complex than that of EDM, but software is being developed to make this easier. The controllability, environmental versatility, speed, safety and absence of change in workpiece microstructure make AM a competitive manufacturing process.

How to Ride a Skateboard

Michael Monroe Mrs. Trear Sophomore English 6 December 2012 How to Ride a Skateboard The process of riding a skateboard is important because there are steps to follow that insure that both learners and pro skateboarders avoid injury. Riding a skateboard can be both fun and dangerous; skateboarders can suffer from serious injury. The first step in this process is of course to grab a skateboard or purchase one. Do not buy a skateboard from Wal-Mart; Wal-Mart skateboards are cheaply made. Recommended brands are Element, Birdhouse, Rob Drydek boards, etc.Also a good place to buy skateboards is a local bike shop or the store called Zumiez. Second find a suitable place to ride your board such as a paved street or a local skate park. Third check weather conditions before riding; sunny weather is the best. Starting out by putting one foot in the middle of the board, then use one foot and propel forward. Then put both feet on the board equally spaced apart. Balance by concentrating body weigh t to the middle of the board. Next to turn the board lean to the† right† or† left,† but do not lean too far.Skateboards are not equipped with brakes so in order to break, use one foot and scrape shoe across the ground. Then when stopped use one foot, kick the front of the board up to grab a hold of it when finished. After learning how to ride a skateboard, one can then learn how to do tricks; such as the Ollie, the kick flip, and the trade flip. An Ollie is the basic trick that one must learn in order to perform any other trick. To perform an Ollie, put one foot close to the front of the diagonally and the other foot on the back of the board diagonally.Then kick the back of the board down while sliding front foot up the front of the board and using one leg to push out when landing.. The board will jump up in the air. The board must land on all four wheels for the trick to be successful. These steps are important to avoid serious injury. Skateboarding can be b oth fun and dangerous. First buy a skateboard. Then find a suitable place to ride. Next make sure that the weather conditions are optimal. Then put one foot in the middle of the board.Use one foot and propel forward, to turn lean to the right or left. To slowdown or stop, use one foot and scrape shoe across the ground. Skateboarding is an extreme sport that takes balance and physical strength. To perform an Ollie, put one foot close to the front of the board diagonally and the other foot on the back of the board diagonally. Kick the board up in the air while sliding front foot up the front of the board, using one leg push out when up in the air. The board must land on all four wheels for the trick to be successful.

Due Process of Law in the US Constitution

How important did America’s Founding Fathers consider the concept of â€Å"due process of law?† Important enough that they made it the only right guaranteed twice by the U.S. Constitution. Due process  of law in government is a constitutional guarantee that actions of the government will not impact its citizens in an abusive manner. As applied today, due process dictates that all courts must operate under a clearly defined set of standards crafted to protect peoples’ personal liberty. Due Process of Law in the United States The Constitution’s Fifth Amendment adamantly commands that no person may be â€Å"deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law† by any act of the federal government. Then, the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, steps up to use exactly the same phrase, called the Due Process Clause, to extend the same requirement to the state governments.   In making due process of law a constitutional guarantee, America’s Founding Fathers drew on a key phrase in the English Magna Carta of 1215, providing that no citizen should be made to forfeit his or her property, rights, or freedom except â€Å"by the law of the land,† as applied by the court. The exact phrase â€Å"due process of law† first appeared as a substitute for Magna Carta’s â€Å"the law of the land† in a 1354 statute adopted under King Edward III that restated the Magna Carta’s guarantee of the liberty. The exact phrase from the 1354 statutory rendition of the Magna Carta referring to â€Å"due process of law† reads: â€Å"No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken nor disinherited, nor put to death, without he be brought to answer by due process of law.† (emphasis added) At the time, â€Å"taken† was interpreted to mean being arrested or deprived of liberty by the government. ‘Due Process of Law’ and ‘Equal Protection of the Laws’ While the Fourteenth Amendment applied the Bill of Rights’ Fifth Amendment guarantee of due process of law to the states it also provides that the states may not deny any person within their jurisdiction â€Å"the equal protection of the laws.† That’s fine for the states, but does the Fourteenth Amendment’s â€Å"Equal Protection Clause† also apply to the federal government and to all U.S. citizens, regardless of where they live? The Equal Protection Clause was mainly intended to enforce the equality provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which provided that all U.S. citizens (except  American Indians) should be given â€Å"full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property.† So, the Equal Protection Clause itself applies only to state and local governments. But, enter the U.S. Supreme Court and its interpretation the Due Process Clause. In its decision in the 1954 case of Bolling v. Sharpe, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause requirements apply to the federal government through the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. The Court’s Bolling v. Sharpe decision illustrates one of the five â€Å"other† ways the Constitution has been amended over the years.   As the source of much debate, especially during the tumultuous days of school integration, the Equal Protection Clause gave rise to the wider legal tenet of â€Å"Equal Justice Under Law.† The term â€Å"Equal Justice Under Law† would soon become the foundation of the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, which led to the end of racial segregation in public schools, as well as dozens of laws prohibiting discrimination against persons belonging to various legally define protected groups. Key Rights and Protections Offered by Due Process of Law The basic rights and protections inherent in the Due Process of Law clause apply in all federal and state government proceedings that could result in a person’s â€Å"deprivation,† basically meaning the loss of â€Å"life, liberty† or property. The rights of due process apply in all state and federal criminal and civil proceedings from hearings and depositions to full-blown trials. These rights include: The right to an unbiased and speedy trialThe right to be provided with notice of the criminal charges or civil action involved and the legal grounds for those charges or actionsThe right present reasons why a proposed action should not be takenThe right to present evidence, including the right to call witnessesThe right to know the opposing evidence (disclosure)The right to cross-examine adverse witnessesThe right to a decision based solely on the evidence and testimony presentedThe right to be represented by a lawyerThe requirement that the court or other tribunal prepare a written record of the evidence and testimony presentedThe requirement that the court or other tribunal prepare written findings of fact and reasons for its decision Fundamental Rights and the Substantive Due Process Doctrine While court decisions like Brown v. Board of Education have established the Due Process Clause as sort of a proxy for a wide range of rights dealing with social equality, those rights were at least expressed in the Constitution. But what about those rights not mentioned in the Constitution, like the right to marry the person of your choice or the right to have children and raise them as you choose? Indeed, the thorniest constitutional debates over the last half century have involved those other rights of â€Å"personal privacy† like marriage, sexual preference, and reproductive rights. To justify the enactment of federal and state laws dealing with such issues, the courts have evolved the doctrine of â€Å"substantive due process of law.† As applied today, substantive due process holds that the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments requires that all laws restricting certain â€Å"fundamental rights† must be fair and reasonable and that the issue in question must be a legitimate concern of the government. Over the years, the Supreme Court has used substantive due process to emphasize the protections of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution in cases dealing with the fundamental rights by constraining certain actions taken by police, legislatures, prosecutors, and judges. The Fundamental Rights The â€Å"fundamental rights† are defined as those having some relationship to the rights of autonomy or privacy. Fundamental rights, whether they are enumerated in the Constitution or not, are sometimes called â€Å"liberty interests.† Some examples of these rights recognized by the courts but not enumerated in the Constitution include, but are not limited to: The right to marry and procreateThe right to have custody of one’s own children and to raise then as one sees fitThe right to practice contraceptionThe right to identify as being of the gender of one’s choiceThe right work at the job of one’s choiceThe right to refuse medical treatment The fact that a certain law may restrict or even prohibit the practice of a fundamental right does not  in all cases mean that the law is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause. Unless a court decides that it was unnecessary or inappropriate for the government to restrict the right in order to achieve some compelling governmental objective the law will be allowed to stand.